《远征》周年版本抢先看 重铸地图or全新玩法
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
??? ??   |
||
.jpg)
????? ??(Gettysburg Address)? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? 1863? 11? 19?, ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????. ? ??? ????? ?? 4?? ? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ????, ?? ??? ??? ????.
??? ??? ??? ? ? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ?????. ? ??? 300 ??? ? ??? ??? ?? 2~3? ?? ?? ??. ??? ? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???, ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ? ??? ??? ? "??? ???"? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????.
?? ??? ???? "????? ??? ??"(Four score and seven years ago)?? ???? ???? ???, ? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???, "???, ??? ??, ??? ?? ??" government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth) ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???.
??? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????, ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??. ????? ??? ???? 5?? ??? ???, ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????.
??
[??]
1863? 7? 1??? 3???, ? 150,000?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????. ? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???.[1] ? ??? ?? ??? 2400? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ? ??? ???.[2] ???? ????? ?? ??, ??????? ?? 7500? ??? ??? 5000?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????,[3] 5? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????.[4]
? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ? ?? ????, ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???. ??? 32?? ??? ???? ???? ???, ? ??? ????, ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? 17 ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????, ?? ?? $2,475.87 ? ??? ?????.[5]
??? ?? 10? 23?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??, ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ??, ?????? ???, ??? ?? ??, ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ????.[6] ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???.[7] ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????, ?? ?????? ?? ?????, ??? 11? 19? ???? ????.[8]
??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????. ??? ????, "? ?? ???? ????, ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ????? ????."[9] ? ??. ??? ? ??? ?? ???? 17??? ?? ?? ???? ????, ?? ???? ?? 40? ??. ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ???, ??? ???? 17? ?? ???? ???? ?? 19?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ???.[10] ??? ??? ????? ????? "???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ?" ??? ??? ??.[10] ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???.
11? 18? ??? ?????? ??? ?????, ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? D.C.?? ?? ?? ??? ???.[11] ?? ???? ????? ???, ??? ?? ??? ???? ????, ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???.[12] ? ????? ???? ??? ? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.[13] 11? 19? 9:30 ???, ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? H. ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? P. ???,[14][15] ? ?? ??, ?? ??, ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????.
?? 15000?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??. ? ??? 24 ? ? 6 ? ?? ???? ???: ????? ?? ??? ??? ??,????? ????? ?????, ????? ??? P. ??, ??? ???? ????, ???? ?? ??, ????? ???? ??.[16] ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????.[17] ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??.[18] ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ????, ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????.[19]
??? ???
[??]1863? 8?, ????? ???? 25??? ???. ? ??? ????? ?? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ???.[20] ?? ????? ???? ?? ???(?? Copperhead ?? ??? ???)??? 1864? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????, ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???. ??? ??? 1863? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???. ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? 10? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ???. 1863? 9?, ?????? ??? Curtin ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????:[21]
If the election were to occur now, the result would be extremely doubtful, and although most of our discreet friends are sanguine of the result, my impression is, the chances would be against us. The draft is very odious in the State... the Democratic leaders have succeeded in exciting prejudice and passion, and have infused their poison into the minds of the people to a very large extent, and the changes are against us.
(?? ??? ?? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???, ? ????, ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????... ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????, ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????. ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????. )
?? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???, ??? ???? ???? ???? ???. ??? ? ??? 1864? ????? ????.[22] 1863? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???, ????? ????? ? ??? ?? ????.
????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? "????? ??"
[??]
??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??:
- Birgfield's Band ? ??
- Reverend T.H. Stockton, D.D.? ??
- ?? ?? ???? ??
- ???? ???? ??
- ??, B.B. French, Esq ??
- ???? ??? ? ???
- ??? ?? ???
- Reverend H.L. Baugher, D.D.? ???[9]
?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????, ?? "????? ??"? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???, ???? 2 ????, 13,607 ??? ? ??????, ?? ??? ?? ????:
- "?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??, ??????? ???? ????, ?? ???? ??? ??? ????. ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???. ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????; — ???, ???? ???????, ??? ???? ??? ????....(Standing beneath this serene sky, overlooking these broad fields now reposing from the labors of the waning year, the mighty Alleghenies dimly towering before us, the graves of our brethren beneath our feet, it is with hesitation that I raise my poor voice to break the eloquent silence of God and Nature. But the duty to which you have called me must be performed; — grant me, I pray you, your indulgence and your sympathy.)"[23]
??? 2 ???? ??? ???:
- "???, ?? ??? ?????, ??? ? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ?????, ?????? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????.. ? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????. (But they, I am sure, will join us in saying, as we bid farewell to the dust of these martyr-heroes, that wheresoever throughout the civilized world the accounts of this great warfare are read, and down to the latest period of recorded time, in the glorious annals of our common country, there will be no brighter page than that which relates the Battles of Gettysburg.)"
????? ???
[??]
???? ??? ??? ?? ??, ??? ? ??? "?? ??? ???"[25]? ???. ?? ??? ? ? ?? ?? ???? ? ???.
??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????, ?? ???? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????, ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????. ?? ??? ? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????.[26][27] ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???, ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????.[28] ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???. ? ??? ??? ? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????, ??? ? ????? ??? ? ?? ????? ? ??? ??? ??.[28]
| “ | Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. |
” |
??? ? ?????:
| “ | 1. ?? ??? ??? ?, ??? ???? ???? ??? ??, ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ?????.
?? ??? ? ??, ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ? ?? ???, ? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????. ??? ? ?? ????, ??? ? ?? ?????… ?????… ???? ? ? ????. ???? ??? ??, ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ???? ????, ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ??, ? ?? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ????? ?? ????. ??? ? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????. ??, ???? ??? ??? ?? ???, ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????, ??? ?? ?? ???? ????. ???? ?? ?? ???, ???? ?? ?? ?? ???, ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??, ?? ?? ??, ??? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ??, ??? ??, ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????. 2. 87? ?(1863? – 1776? = 87?), ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???(??) ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????. ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ? ????. ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????. ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ???, ??? ??, ??? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???. 3. 87? ?, ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ?????. ??? ? ?? ???? ??, ??? ? ?? ??? ??, ???? ? ??, ???? ? ?? ????. ????, ???? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ? ????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????, ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????. ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???. ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???. ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????. ??? ???, ??? ??, ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???. 4. ?????? 87? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ? ???? ???? ? ??? ??? ????. ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ????. ??? ? ?? ???? ??, ??? ??? ??? ??, ???? ? ??, ???? ? ?? ????. ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ? ????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ??? ???, ??? ??, ??? ?? ??? ? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???. 5. 87? ?, ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ???? ?????. ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????. ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ????. ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??, ???? ? ??, ???? ? ?? ????. ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???, ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????. ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????, ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????. ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????. ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???. ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ??? ???, ??? ??, ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???. 6. ?? ? ? ?, ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ??, ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ????. ??? ? ???? ? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ????. ??? ? ?? ????, ??? ? ?? ??? ??, ? ?? ???? ? ??, ???? ? ?? ????. ?? ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????. ???, ? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????. ? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???. ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????. ? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ????. ??? ? ??? ???, ??? ??, ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????. 7. 87? ?, ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????. ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????. ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ????. ??? ? ?? ???? ??, ??? ??? ?? ??, ???? ? ??, ???? ? ?? ????. ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???, ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ????. ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????. ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????. ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???. ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???. ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ??? ???, ??? ??, ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ?????. |
” |
??
[??]
?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? ?? ?? 19??? ?? A. ? ????? 1931?? 87?? ??? ???? ????, ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????: "?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???, ??? ?? ?????, ?? ?? ? ??. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???, ????? ?????." [29] ???? ?? ??? ???, ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????, ?????? "?? ???? ?? ??"??? ??.[30] ??, ?? ?????? ??? ??? "?? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???, ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????.. ??? ?? ????????! ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????!"[18]
?? ???? ????, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ? ???? ????, ??? ??? ??? ??? ????, "??? ?? ?? ???? ???(won't scour.)" ? ??. ?? ??? ???, ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???, ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??.[9] ?? ??? ??? ??? "??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????." ? ????.
??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????. ?? ???? "?? ?? ? ?? ?? ????? ???? 2??? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ???."[31] ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? "??? ??" ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???.[31]
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? "?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???." ?? ??. ???, ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????.[16] ?? ????? ????? ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????, ? ??? "??? ??"???? ??, ? ??? "??? ???, ??? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????" ? ??, ?????? ??? ? ??? ??? "???? ?? ??? ???"? ? ??? ????.[32]
??
[??]????? ??? ?? ??? ??("??? ?????, ?? ????? ?? ????.")? ??? ?? ??? ???. ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???????, ?? ???? ??? ???, ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??.
??? ? ? ??? ?? ??, ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????.[33] ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? "I Have a Dream" ???? ??????.[34] 1963? 8? ?? ??? ???? ??, ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????. "?????? ? ? ?, ? ??? ???, ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????."
1958? ??? ??? 5 ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? "gouvernement du peuple, par le peuple et pour le peuple" ("???? ??, ???? ??, ???? ??")? ????, ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????.[35]
? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???. ?????? ???? ? ??? ??? ???,[36] ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??.
?? ???? USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) ?? ?? ???? "?? ????" ? ?? ??.
??
[??]- ↑ Rawley, p. 147; Sauers, p. 827; McPherson, p. 665. McPherson cites the combination of Gettysburg and Vicksburg as the turning point.
- ↑ “Yes, there was a Gettysburg before the 1863 battle”. Dobbin House, Inc. 2006. 2007? 11? 27?? ???.
- ↑ Busey and Martin, p. 125. Union/Confederate casualties: 3,155 killed/4,708 killed; 14,531 /12,693 wounded; 5,369/5,830 captured/missing.
- ↑ Murphy, Jim. The Long Road to Gettysburg. New York: Clarion Books, 1992, p. 97. Amazon Books.
- ↑ Murphy, pp. 98–99.
- ↑ “Lincoln Invited to Gettysburg to Consecrate a Civil War Cemetery, November 19, 1863”. Library of Congress. 2010? 9? 15?. 2012? 4? 6?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2010? 9? 15?? ???.
- ↑ Murphy, p.1: "Now, at the age of 69, [Everett] was one of America's most famous orators."; also Wilkinson, William Cleaver (1911). 《Daniel Webster: A Vindication, with other historical essays.》. New York and London: Funk & Wagnalls Company. 181?.
Edward Everett was famous in his day, indeed, is famous yet, as confessedly and easily foremost among all the orators of the classic or academic type belonging to his generation in America.
- ↑ Gramm, Kent (2001). 《November: Lincoln's Elegy at Gettysburg》. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 119?. ISBN 0-253-34032-2.
Asked in September to deliver the oration...Everett had said that he could not possibly be ready until November 19.
- ↑ ? ? ? Wills, Garry. Lincoln at Gettysburg. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992, pp. 24–25, p. 35, pp. 34–35, p. 36.
- ↑ ? ? “An Official Invitation to Gettysburg (Top Treasure)”. Library of Congress. 2002? 12? 5?. 2012? 4? 6?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2010? 9? 15?? ???.
- ↑ “Abraham Lincoln in the Wills House Bedroom at Gettysburg”. 《Lincoln at Gettysburg Photo Tour》. Abraham Lincoln Online. 2007. 2007? 10? 13?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2005? 12? 18?? ???.
- ↑ Johnson, Martin P (Summer 2003). “Who Stole the Gettysburg Address”. 《Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association》 24 (2): 1–19. 2006? 3? 6?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2010? 12? 13?? ???.
- ↑ “Lincoln urban legends debunked”. The Lincoln Museum. 2005? 11? 24?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2005? 12? 18?? ???.
- ↑ “Abraham Lincoln at the Gettysburg Town Square”. 《Lincoln at Gettysburg Photo Tour》. Abraham Lincoln Online. 2007. 2007? 10? 13?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2007? 11? 30?? ???.
- ↑ “Saddle Used by Abraham Lincoln in Gettysburg”. 《Lincoln at Gettysburg Photo Tour》. Abraham Lincoln Online. 2007. 2007? 10? 13?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2005? 12? 18?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? ? “The Heroes of July; A Solemn and Imposing Event. Dedication of the National Cemetery at Gettysburgh”. 《The New York Times》. 1863? 11? 20?. 1?. 2008? 1? 19?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2007? 11? 23?? ???. Full article in PDF available here[?? ??(?? ?? ??)].
- ↑ William McDougall and Alexander Tilloch Galt, both Canadian "Fathers of Confederation", were in Washington to renegotiate the Reciprocity Treaty, and McDougall accompanied Lincoln to Gettysburg, according to a speech given by U.S. President Eisenhower to a joint session of the Parliament of Canada, and referenced in the Parliament of Canada official transcripts, Hansard.
- ↑ ? ? “Abraham Lincoln at Gettysburg Cemetery”. 《Lincoln at Gettysburg Photo Tour》. Abraham Lincoln Online. 2007. 2007? 10? 5?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2005? 12? 18?? ???.
- ↑ “Gettysburg Address Information”. Dobbin House Inc. 1996–2006. 2007? 11? 30?? ???. at gettysburg.com.
- ↑ "How We are Revenging Sumpter," May, 1863.
- ↑ Andrew Curtin to Abraham Lincoln, Sept. 4, 1863 (Library of Congress)
- ↑ Lincoln, Abraham; Nicolay, John G.; Hay, John (1894). 《Abraham Lincoln; complete works, comprising his speeches, letters, state papers, and miscellaneous writings》 II. New York: Century Co. 568?.
- ↑ Murphy, Jim (2000). 《Long Road to Gettysburg》. Houghton Mifflin Company. 5?. ISBN 9780618051571. 2007? 12? 10?? ???.
- ↑ Reid, Ronald F (1990). 《Edward Everett: Unionist Orator, Vol. 7》. Greenwood Publishing Group. 192?. ISBN 9780313261640. 2007? 12? 10?? ???.
- ↑ Murphy, Jim. The Long Road to Gettysburg, New York: Clarion Books, 1992. p. 105, "with a pronounced Kentucky accent."
- ↑ Gopnik, Adam (2007? 5? 28?). “Angels and Ages: Lincoln's language and its legacy”. 2007? 11? 23?? ???. Gopnik notes, "Gabor Boritt, in his book The Gettysburg Gospel, has a thirty-page appendix that compares what Lincoln (probably) read at the memorial with what people heard and reported. Most of the differences are small, and due to understandable confusions...A few disputes seem more significant."
- ↑ Also note Johnson's reference that "In 1895 Congress had voted to place at Gettysburg a bronze tablet engraved with the address but had mandated a text that does not correspond to any in Lincoln's hand or to contemporary newspaper accounts. The statute is reprinted in Henry Sweetser Burrage, Gettysburg and Lincoln: The Battle, the Cemetery, and the National Park (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1906), 211."
- ↑ ? ? Boritt, Gabor. The Gettysburg Gospel: The Lincoln Speech That Nobody Knows., Appendix B p. 290: "This is the only copy that...Lincoln dignified with a title: 'Address delivered at the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburg.', a rare full signature, and the date: 'November 19, 1863.' ..This final draft, generally considered the standard text, remained in the Bliss family until 1949."
- ↑ Hark, Ann. “Mrs. John T. Myers Relives the Day She Met the Great Emancipator”. 《Recollections of Abraham Lincoln at Gettysburg》. Abraham Lincoln online. 2007? 10? 7?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2007? 11? 30?? ???. Citing the Philadelphia Public Ledger of February 7, 1932.
- ↑ Foote, Shelby (1958). 《The Civil War, A Narrative: Fredericksburg to Meridian》. Random House. ISBN 0-394-49517-9.
- ↑ ? ? Simon, et al., eds. The Lincoln Forum: Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg, and the Civil War. Mason City: Savas Publishing Company, 1999. ISBN 1-882810-37-6, p. 41
- ↑ name=Prochow, Herbert Victor, "Great Stories from Great Lives," Harper & Brothers, 1944, pge 17
- ↑ “Outline of U.S. History”. United States Department of State. 73?. 2008? 6? 12?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2009? 1? 3?? ???.
- ↑ Garrow, David J. (August 2003). “"Martin Luther King Jr: the March, the Man, the Dream."”. American History magazine. 2008? 9? 12?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2009? 11? 9?? ???.
[F]our days before the March [King] told Al Duckett, a black journalist...that his August 28 oration needed to be "sort of a Gettysburg Address."
- ↑ “Constitution du 4 octobre 1958” (PDF). 2009? 10? 18?? ???.
- ↑ “How the Gettysburg Address Worked”. howstuffworks.com. 2009? 11? 19?? ???.
